Ordnance and Gunnery. by William H. Tschappat (1917)

Military Article Photocopies available from Military/Info

Tschappat, William H.. Ordnance and Gunnery. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1917); 705 pages, 315+ illus. Price 70.00 {Item No.2187} [William H.Tschappat: Lieutenant Colonel, Ordnance Department, United States Army]

• Chapter I. Properties, Manufacture, Care and Use of Explosives; 45 pages, 19 illus. Price 5.00 {Item No.20730} [Includes: Definitions. Effects of Explosion. Examples of Two Classes of Explosives. Conditions that Influence Explosion. Primers, Fuses and Detonating Caps. Uses of the Two Classes of Explosives. General Requirements of use as Propelling Charges in Guns. Requirements of High Explosives for Projectiles, Historical Sketch of Development of Gunpowder. Charcoal Powder. Smokeless Powders. Formation and Classification of Nitrocelluloses. Raw Materials. Preparation of Cotton. Nitrating Processes. Boiling Processes. Principle Underlying the Manufacture of Smokeless Powder from Nitrocellulose. Dehydrating, Mixing, Blocking and Graining. Drying, Solvent Recovery and Blending. Determination of Moisture and Volatiles. Special Tests for Stability. Measurement of Grains, Physical Test. Ballistic Test. Effect of Moisture. Effect of High Temperature. Forms of Propelling Charges. Cartridge Bags. Central Core Igniting Charge. Blank Charge]
• Chapter II. Theory of Explosives; 39 pages, 2 illus. Price 4.00 {Item No.20731} [Including: Object of Theoretical Calculations. Practical Determination of the Quantity of Heats of Heat. Heats of Formation. Principle of the Initial and Final State. Theoretical Determination of Quantity of Heat at Constant Pressure. Properties of Gases. Laws of Perfect Gases. Characteristic Equation of Perfect Gases. Characteristic Equation of Actual Gases. Co-volume. Modification of Laws of Perfect Gases of Application to Actual Gases. Thermodynamics of Gases. Determination of External Work of Expansion. Relation between Heat and Work in the Expansion of Gases. Adiabatic Expansion. Relation between Pressure, Volume of Temperature in Abiabatic Expansion when Cp and Cv and Constant. Application of the Laws of Adiabatic Expansion to the Gases of Explosives. Quantity of Heat at Constant Volume. Potential. Temperature of Explosion. Temperature when Solid Products are Formed. Density of Explosives. Gravimetric, Density. Density of Loaning. Pressure in a Closed Chamber.]
• Chapter III. Measurements of Velocities and Pressures; 23 pages, 20 illus. Price 2.50 {Item No.20732} [Including: Le Boulenge Chronograph. The Rheostat. Disjunction. Adjustments and Use. Schultz Chronoscope. Mettagang Recorder. The Sebert Velocimeter. Pressure in Guns. The Tarage Table. Accuracy of Gauge Pressures. Direct Measurement of Pressure as a Function of Time. Petavel‘s Time-Pressures in a Closed Chamber with those Obtained by Theory]
• Chapter IV. Interior Ballistics; 68 pages, 3 illus. Price 7.00 {Item No.20733} [Including: Scope. Early Investigations. Energy of Combustion of Nitrocellulose. For Ennea-Nitrocellulose Per cent of Nitrogen 11 966. Effect of Moisture and Volatiles. Specific Rate of Combustion. Effect of Granulation. Volume Burned, when, a Thickness pi is Burned. Single-perforated Cylindrical Grain of Length Greater than Web. Burning Surface when a Thickness pi is Burned. Burning of Grains of Different Forms. Consideration as to the Best Form of Grains. Distribution of Energy of Powder in the Gun. Energy of Translation of the Projectile. Energy of Translation of the Unburnt Charge and Gases. Energy Used in Overcoming Passive Resistance. Total Amount of Energy Converted into Work. Pressures. Energy Lost to the Gun as Heat. Reduced Length of Powder Chamber. Energy Remaining in the Gas as any Instant. Determination of Velocity as a Function of z. Experimental Vertification Equation. Differential Equation of Travel as Function of z. Determination of Travel During Time Powder is Burning. Discussion of Equation. Determination of Travel after Powder is all Burned. Special Case of Multiperforated Cylinderical Grains. Le Duc‘s Formula. Graphical Method of Integration of Equation. Determination of Pressure. Data of Form A. Calculations of Form B. Example 2. Design of Powder Grain for a Given Gun. Design of a Gun.]
• Chapter V. Metals Used in Ordnance Construction; 45 pages, 20 illus. Price 5.00 {Item No.20734} [Including: Elasticity. Moduli of Elasticity. Strength of Metals. Physical Requirements. Testing Machine. Copper, Brass, Bronze, Aluminum. Iron and Steel. Uses. Constituents of Iron and Steel. Effect of Heat. Allotropic Modifications. Changes as Cooling is Continued below Solidus. Cast Iron. Effect of Time. Microscopic Examination of Steel. Hardening. Tempering. Other Substances in Steel. Open-hearth Process. The Furnace. The Duplex Process. Casting. Whitworth’s Process of Fluid Compression. Processes after Casting. Hollow Forgings. Hardening in Oil or Water.]
• Chapter VI. Guns; 94 pages, 60 illus. Price 9.50 {Item No.20735} [Including: Basic Principle of Gun Construction. Strains Perpendicular to the Applied Stress. Conditions which Limit the Maximum Powder Pressure. Principal Stresses and Strains. Stresses and Strains in a Closed Cylinder. Relations between the Applied Stresses p and t. Applied Stresses in the Cylinder in Terms of Applied Forces Po and P1. Discussion of Equations. Distribution of Resultant Stresses in Cross section of a Simple Cylinder. Limiting Value of Interior Pressure Acting Alone. Second Case. Exterior Pressures Only. Limiting Value of Exterior Pressure Acting Alone. Third Case. Both Interior and Exterior Pressures. Limiting Interior Pressures. When Resultant Tangential Stress Reaches Elastic Limit. When Resultant Stress Reaches Elastic Limit. Resultant Longitudinal Stress. Conditions for Safety both Tangentially and Radially. Compound Cylinders. Gun Composed of Two Cylinders. Practical Application of Formulas to Gun in Action. Gun at Rest. Shrinkage. Compression of the Bore and Expansion of Outer Surface of the Jacket due to Shrinkage. Prescribed Shrinkage. Curves of Tangential Resultant Stress in Action. Guns Composed of Three of More Cylinders. The Gun in Action. The Gun of Maximum Tangential Strength. Elastic Strength of Wire-wrapped Guns. Construction of Guns. Operations in Manufacture. Boring Tools. Assembling. Rifling the Bore. Necessity of Accurate Measurements. The Star Gauge. Calipers. Rifling: Purpose. Pressure on the Lands. Equation of the Developed Curve of the Rifling. Form of Rifling Used in Army Guns. General Characteristics. The Slotted Screw Breech Mechanism. Older form of Slotted Screw Breech Mechanism for Guns. Welin Blocks. Obturation. Firing Mechanism. Sliding Wedge Breech Mechanism. Automatic and Semi-Automatic Breech Mechanism.]
• Chapter VII. Recoil and Recoil Brakes; 38 pages, 16 illus. Price 4.00 {Item No.20736} [Including: Stresses on the Gun Carriage, Determination of the Circumstances of Free Recoil. Maximum Velocity of Free Recoil. Retarded Recoil. Velocity of Retarded Recoil as a Function of Time and of Space. Recoil Systems. Counter Recoil Mechanism. Hydro-pneumatic Recoil Systems. Independent Recoil and Air Counter Recoil Systems. Resistance of the Counter Recoil Springs or Air Cylinders. Total Resistance to Recoil. Relation between the Pressure, area of Orifice and Velocity of Recoil. Area of Orifice. Brake with Constant Pressure. Profile of the Throttling Bar. Variable Recoil, Modern Field Guns and Howitzers. Length of Recoil in Artillery of Position. Horizontal Recoil System on Seacoast Carriages. Recoil Systems of the 6-inch Disappearing Carriages, models 1905 MI and 1905 MII, and of the 14 inch Disappearing Carriage, model 1907 and 1907 MI. Determination of the Length of Recoil of Guns Mounted on Wheeled Carriages. Limiting Value of Total Resistance to Recoil in Wheeled Carriages. Initial Strength of Counter Recoil Springs of Air Cylinders. 3 inch Field Carriages Recoil System.]
• Chapter VIII. Artillery; 71 pages, 38 illus. Price 7.00 {Item No.20737} [Including: Classification. Method of Mounting. Pedestal Mounts. The Balanced Pillar Mount. Barbette Carriages for Larger Guns. Disappearing Carriages. Elevating System. Modification of the Recoil System. Seacoast Mortar Carriages. The 12 inch Mortar Carriage, Model 1896. The 12 inch Mortar Carriage, Model 1908. Recoil Cylinders, Counter Recoil Buffers and Springs. Quick loading Mechanism. Breech Mechanism. Turret Mounts for Seacoast Guns. Calibers. The Mountain Gun. The 3 inch Field Gun, Model 1904. The Firing Mechanism. The Carriage, Model 1902. The Shield. The Caisson and other Wagons. The 4.7 inch Heavy Field Gun. The Wheels and the Trail. The 6 inch Heavy Field Howitzer. Traversing Mechanism. Sights. Recoiling Controlling System. Breech Mechanism, Firing Mechanism. Other Howitzers. Armored Mortar Cars. Subcaliber Tubes.]
• Chapter IX. Exterior Ballistics; 68 pages, 9 illus. Price 7.00 {Item No.20738} [Including: Definitions, The Motion of an Oblong Projectile. Determination of the Resistance to the Air. The Ballistic Coefficient. The Altitude Factor. The Reducing Factor. Trajectory in Air, Ballistic Formulas. Solution of Equations. Formulas for the Whole Range. Computation of the Functions. Secondary Function. The Principle of the Rigidity of the Trajectory. Table II, Artillery Circular M. Determination of C from Firings. Computation of C without Firings. Range Table Conditions. Range Corrections for Variations in C. Range Corrections for Variations in o1/o. Range Corrections for Variations in V. Range Corrections for Change in Weight of Projectile. Range Correction for Tide. Deflection Corrections. Perforation of Armor. The Danger Spaces. The Danger Range. Formulas for Velocities less than 825 F.s. Curved and High angle Fire. Zones in Mortar Fire. Range elevation and Range Velocity Curves. Conditions for 12 inch Steel Mortar. Example 16. Example 18. Computation of Range Table without Firings. Perforation of Armor. Accuracy. Probability of Fire. Probability Curve. Equation of the Probability Curve. Illustration of the Use of the Table. Probable Zones and Rectangles. Probability of Hitting any Area.]
• Chapter X. Projectiles; 44 pages, 35 illus. Price 4.50 {Item No.20739} [Including: Classification. Modern Projectiles, Banding. Form of Projectiles. Projectiles for Seacoast Guns. Action of the Cap. Projectiles for Field Guns. The Bursting of Shrapnel. The High Explosive Shrapnel. Shell Tracers. Grenades. Volumes of Ogival Projectiles. Thickness of Walls. Sectional Density of Projectiles. Cast iron Projectiles. Requirements in Manufacture. Ballistic Test. Common Steel Shell for Mobile Artillery. Armor History. Manufacture of Armor. Classification of Armor. Ballistic Test for Armor. Armor Protection for Ships.]
• Chapter XI. Primers and Fuses; 32 pages, 26 illus. Price 3.50 {Item No.20740} [Including: Primers and Fuses for Cannon. Service Combination Friction Electric Primer. The Electric Primer for Guns Using Separate Loading Ammunition. Primers for Fixed Ammunition. 110 Grain Electric Primer for Fixed Ammunition. Igniting Primers. Fuses. Ring Resistance Fuses, Point Percussion Fuse. Arming Resistance of Split Ring Fuses. Centrifugal Percussion Fuses. Semple Centrifugal Plunger. Arming Resistance of Centrifugal Fuses. Combination Time and Percussion Fuses. To Set the Fuse. Combination Fuse, Old Pattern. Combination Fuse for H.E. Shrapnel. The Fuse Setter.]
• Chapter XII. Aiming Devices; 29 pages, 17 illus. Price 3.00 {Item No.20741} [Including: Purpose. Direct laying Sights. Correction for Inclination of Trunnion Axis. Independent Line of Sight. Sights for Mobile Artillery. Indirect Laying of Mobile Artillery Guns, the Panoramic Sight. Improved Panoramic Sight. Range Quadrants for Mobile Artillery Guns. Aiming Seacoast Guns. Telescopic Sight, Model 1898. Telescopic Sight, Model 1904. Telescopic Sight, Model 1912. Aiming Seacoast Mortars]
• Chapter XIII. Fire Control Instruments; 26 pages, 20 illus. Price 3.00 {Item No.20742} [Including: Definitions. Swasey Depression Position Finder. The Plotting Room. The Pratt Range Board. The Deflection Board for Guns. Range Finders for Mobile Artillery. The Self contained Range Finder. The Battery Commander‘s Telescope, Model 1915. The Battery Commander‘s Ruler. The Field Artillery Plotter, Model 1907. The Parallax Table]
• Chapter XIV. Small Arms and Hand Arms; 25 pages, 16 illus. Price 3.00 {Item No.20743} [Including: Service Small Arms. Requirements. Life of Rifle Erosion. The U.S.Magazine Rifle, Model 1903. The Sights, Model 1905. Deviation, Drift. The Bell Cartridge. The Blank Cartridge. Proof of Ammunition. The .45 caliber Pistol, Model 1911. Operation in Firing. The Magazine]
• Chapter XV. Machine Guns; 21 pages, 12 illus. Price 2.00 {Item No.20744} [Including: Classification, The Gatling Gun. Operation. The Maxim Machine Gun, Model 1904. The Breech Mechanism. The Water Jacket. The Automatic Machine Rifle, Model 1909. Actuator. Feed Arm, To Cock for First Shot. The Lewis Machine Gun. Action]
• Tables; 22 pages Price 2.00 {Item No.20745} [Including: I. Atomic Weights. II. Physical Properties of Certain Gases at 0 degree C. and 760 mm Pressure. III. Specific Heats (solids). IV. Specific Heats (gases). V. Heats of Formation from the Elements at 15 degree C and Atmospheric Pressure 760 mm. VI. Molecular Specific Heats as a Function of Temperature of Certain Gases at Constant Volume. VII. Ratio of Specific Heats of Certain Gases at Ordinary Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure. VIII. Ratio of Specific Heat of Certain Gases at Various Temperatures. IX. Characteristics of Right Prismatic Grains for Different Values of x and y. X. Value of y’ Corresponding to z for Right Prismatic Grains for Different Values of x and y. XI. Characteristics of Cylindrical Multiperforated Grains of Seven Cylindrical Perforations for Different Values of x an y. XII. Values of y’ Corresponding to z for Cylindrical Multiperforated Grains of Seven Cylindrical Perforations for Different Values of x and y. XIII. Characteristics and Values of y’ Corresponding to z for Single Perforated Grains and Values of Characteristics of Same Grains. XIV. Values of s’/s for Temperature and Pressure of Atmospheric 78% Saturated with Moisture]

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