Ordnance and Gunnery. by William H. Tschappat (1917)
Military Article Photocopies available from Military/Info
Tschappat, William H.. Ordnance and Gunnery. New York: John Wiley &
Sons, Inc. (1917); 705 pages, 315+ illus. Price 70.00 {Item No.2187} [William
H.Tschappat: Lieutenant Colonel, Ordnance Department, United States Army]
- Chapter I. Properties, Manufacture, Care and Use of Explosives; 45
pages, 19 illus. Price 5.00 {Item No.20730} [Includes: Definitions. Effects of
Explosion. Examples of Two Classes of Explosives. Conditions that Influence
Explosion. Primers, Fuses and Detonating Caps. Uses of the Two Classes of
Explosives. General Requirements of use as Propelling Charges in Guns.
Requirements of High Explosives for Projectiles, Historical Sketch of
Development of Gunpowder. Charcoal Powder. Smokeless Powders. Formation and
Classification of Nitrocelluloses. Raw Materials. Preparation of Cotton.
Nitrating Processes. Boiling Processes. Principle Underlying the Manufacture of
Smokeless Powder from Nitrocellulose. Dehydrating, Mixing, Blocking and
Graining. Drying, Solvent Recovery and Blending. Determination of Moisture and
Volatiles. Special Tests for Stability. Measurement of Grains, Physical Test.
Ballistic Test. Effect of Moisture. Effect of High Temperature. Forms of
Propelling Charges. Cartridge Bags. Central Core Igniting Charge. Blank Charge]
- Chapter II. Theory of Explosives; 39 pages, 2 illus. Price 4.00
{Item No.20731} [Including: Object of Theoretical Calculations. Practical
Determination of the Quantity of Heats of Heat. Heats of Formation. Principle
of the Initial and Final State. Theoretical Determination of Quantity of Heat
at Constant Pressure. Properties of Gases. Laws of Perfect Gases.
Characteristic Equation of Perfect Gases. Characteristic Equation of Actual
Gases. Co-volume. Modification of Laws of Perfect Gases of Application to
Actual Gases. Thermodynamics of Gases. Determination of External Work of
Expansion. Relation between Heat and Work in the Expansion of Gases. Adiabatic
Expansion. Relation between Pressure, Volume of Temperature in Abiabatic
Expansion when Cp and Cv and Constant. Application of the Laws of Adiabatic
Expansion to the Gases of Explosives. Quantity of Heat at Constant Volume.
Potential. Temperature of Explosion. Temperature when Solid Products are
Formed. Density of Explosives. Gravimetric, Density. Density of Loaning.
Pressure in a Closed Chamber.]
- Chapter III. Measurements of Velocities and Pressures; 23 pages, 20
illus. Price 2.50 {Item No.20732} [Including: Le Boulenge Chronograph. The
Rheostat. Disjunction. Adjustments and Use. Schultz Chronoscope. Mettagang
Recorder. The Sebert Velocimeter. Pressure in Guns. The Tarage Table. Accuracy
of Gauge Pressures. Direct Measurement of Pressure as a Function of Time.
Petavels Time-Pressures in a Closed Chamber with those Obtained by
Theory]
- Chapter IV. Interior Ballistics; 68 pages, 3 illus. Price 7.00 {Item
No.20733} [Including: Scope. Early Investigations. Energy of Combustion of
Nitrocellulose. For Ennea-Nitrocellulose Per cent of Nitrogen 11 966. Effect of
Moisture and Volatiles. Specific Rate of Combustion. Effect of Granulation.
Volume Burned, when, a Thickness pi is Burned. Single-perforated Cylindrical
Grain of Length Greater than Web. Burning Surface when a Thickness pi is
Burned. Burning of Grains of Different Forms. Consideration as to the Best Form
of Grains. Distribution of Energy of Powder in the Gun. Energy of Translation
of the Projectile. Energy of Translation of the Unburnt Charge and Gases.
Energy Used in Overcoming Passive Resistance. Total Amount of Energy Converted
into Work. Pressures. Energy Lost to the Gun as Heat. Reduced Length of Powder
Chamber. Energy Remaining in the Gas as any Instant. Determination of Velocity
as a Function of z. Experimental Vertification Equation. Differential Equation
of Travel as Function of z. Determination of Travel During Time Powder is
Burning. Discussion of Equation. Determination of Travel after Powder is all
Burned. Special Case of Multiperforated Cylinderical Grains. Le Ducs
Formula. Graphical Method of Integration of Equation. Determination of
Pressure. Data of Form A. Calculations of Form B. Example 2. Design of Powder
Grain for a Given Gun. Design of a Gun.]
- Chapter V. Metals Used in Ordnance Construction; 45 pages, 20 illus.
Price 5.00 {Item No.20734} [Including: Elasticity. Moduli of Elasticity.
Strength of Metals. Physical Requirements. Testing Machine. Copper, Brass,
Bronze, Aluminum. Iron and Steel. Uses. Constituents of Iron and Steel. Effect
of Heat. Allotropic Modifications. Changes as Cooling is Continued below
Solidus. Cast Iron. Effect of Time. Microscopic Examination of Steel.
Hardening. Tempering. Other Substances in Steel. Open-hearth Process. The
Furnace. The Duplex Process. Casting. Whitworths Process of Fluid
Compression. Processes after Casting. Hollow Forgings. Hardening in Oil or
Water.]
- Chapter VI. Guns; 94 pages, 60 illus. Price 9.50 {Item No.20735}
[Including: Basic Principle of Gun Construction. Strains Perpendicular to the
Applied Stress. Conditions which Limit the Maximum Powder Pressure. Principal
Stresses and Strains. Stresses and Strains in a Closed Cylinder. Relations
between the Applied Stresses p and t. Applied Stresses in the Cylinder in Terms
of Applied Forces Po and P1. Discussion of Equations. Distribution of Resultant
Stresses in Cross section of a Simple Cylinder. Limiting Value of Interior
Pressure Acting Alone. Second Case. Exterior Pressures Only. Limiting Value of
Exterior Pressure Acting Alone. Third Case. Both Interior and Exterior
Pressures. Limiting Interior Pressures. When Resultant Tangential Stress
Reaches Elastic Limit. When Resultant Stress Reaches Elastic Limit. Resultant
Longitudinal Stress. Conditions for Safety both Tangentially and Radially.
Compound Cylinders. Gun Composed of Two Cylinders. Practical Application of
Formulas to Gun in Action. Gun at Rest. Shrinkage. Compression of the Bore and
Expansion of Outer Surface of the Jacket due to Shrinkage. Prescribed
Shrinkage. Curves of Tangential Resultant Stress in Action. Guns Composed of
Three of More Cylinders. The Gun in Action. The Gun of Maximum Tangential
Strength. Elastic Strength of Wire-wrapped Guns. Construction of Guns.
Operations in Manufacture. Boring Tools. Assembling. Rifling the Bore.
Necessity of Accurate Measurements. The Star Gauge. Calipers. Rifling: Purpose.
Pressure on the Lands. Equation of the Developed Curve of the Rifling. Form of
Rifling Used in Army Guns. General Characteristics. The Slotted Screw Breech
Mechanism. Older form of Slotted Screw Breech Mechanism for Guns. Welin Blocks.
Obturation. Firing Mechanism. Sliding Wedge Breech Mechanism. Automatic and
Semi-Automatic Breech Mechanism.]
- Chapter VII. Recoil and Recoil Brakes; 38 pages, 16 illus. Price
4.00 {Item No.20736} [Including: Stresses on the Gun Carriage, Determination of
the Circumstances of Free Recoil. Maximum Velocity of Free Recoil. Retarded
Recoil. Velocity of Retarded Recoil as a Function of Time and of Space. Recoil
Systems. Counter Recoil Mechanism. Hydro-pneumatic Recoil Systems. Independent
Recoil and Air Counter Recoil Systems. Resistance of the Counter Recoil Springs
or Air Cylinders. Total Resistance to Recoil. Relation between the Pressure,
area of Orifice and Velocity of Recoil. Area of Orifice. Brake with Constant
Pressure. Profile of the Throttling Bar. Variable Recoil, Modern Field Guns and
Howitzers. Length of Recoil in Artillery of Position. Horizontal Recoil System
on Seacoast Carriages. Recoil Systems of the 6-inch Disappearing Carriages,
models 1905 MI and 1905 MII, and of the 14 inch Disappearing Carriage, model
1907 and 1907 MI. Determination of the Length of Recoil of Guns Mounted on
Wheeled Carriages. Limiting Value of Total Resistance to Recoil in Wheeled
Carriages. Initial Strength of Counter Recoil Springs of Air Cylinders. 3 inch
Field Carriages Recoil System.]
- Chapter VIII. Artillery; 71 pages, 38 illus. Price 7.00 {Item
No.20737} [Including: Classification. Method of Mounting. Pedestal Mounts. The
Balanced Pillar Mount. Barbette Carriages for Larger Guns. Disappearing
Carriages. Elevating System. Modification of the Recoil System. Seacoast Mortar
Carriages. The 12 inch Mortar Carriage, Model 1896. The 12 inch Mortar
Carriage, Model 1908. Recoil Cylinders, Counter Recoil Buffers and Springs.
Quick loading Mechanism. Breech Mechanism. Turret Mounts for Seacoast Guns.
Calibers. The Mountain Gun. The 3 inch Field Gun, Model 1904. The Firing
Mechanism. The Carriage, Model 1902. The Shield. The Caisson and other Wagons.
The 4.7 inch Heavy Field Gun. The Wheels and the Trail. The 6 inch Heavy Field
Howitzer. Traversing Mechanism. Sights. Recoiling Controlling System. Breech
Mechanism, Firing Mechanism. Other Howitzers. Armored Mortar Cars. Subcaliber
Tubes.]
- Chapter IX. Exterior Ballistics; 68 pages, 9 illus. Price 7.00 {Item
No.20738} [Including: Definitions, The Motion of an Oblong Projectile.
Determination of the Resistance to the Air. The Ballistic Coefficient. The
Altitude Factor. The Reducing Factor. Trajectory in Air, Ballistic Formulas.
Solution of Equations. Formulas for the Whole Range. Computation of the
Functions. Secondary Function. The Principle of the Rigidity of the Trajectory.
Table II, Artillery Circular M. Determination of C from Firings. Computation of
C without Firings. Range Table Conditions. Range Corrections for Variations in
C. Range Corrections for Variations in o1/o. Range Corrections for Variations
in V. Range Corrections for Change in Weight of Projectile. Range Correction
for Tide. Deflection Corrections. Perforation of Armor. The Danger Spaces. The
Danger Range. Formulas for Velocities less than 825 F.s. Curved and High angle
Fire. Zones in Mortar Fire. Range elevation and Range Velocity Curves.
Conditions for 12 inch Steel Mortar. Example 16. Example 18. Computation of
Range Table without Firings. Perforation of Armor. Accuracy. Probability of
Fire. Probability Curve. Equation of the Probability Curve. Illustration of the
Use of the Table. Probable Zones and Rectangles. Probability of Hitting any
Area.]
- Chapter X. Projectiles; 44 pages, 35 illus. Price 4.50 {Item
No.20739} [Including: Classification. Modern Projectiles, Banding. Form of
Projectiles. Projectiles for Seacoast Guns. Action of the Cap. Projectiles for
Field Guns. The Bursting of Shrapnel. The High Explosive Shrapnel. Shell
Tracers. Grenades. Volumes of Ogival Projectiles. Thickness of Walls. Sectional
Density of Projectiles. Cast iron Projectiles. Requirements in Manufacture.
Ballistic Test. Common Steel Shell for Mobile Artillery. Armor History.
Manufacture of Armor. Classification of Armor. Ballistic Test for Armor. Armor
Protection for Ships.]
- Chapter XI. Primers and Fuses; 32 pages, 26 illus. Price 3.50 {Item
No.20740} [Including: Primers and Fuses for Cannon. Service Combination
Friction Electric Primer. The Electric Primer for Guns Using Separate Loading
Ammunition. Primers for Fixed Ammunition. 110 Grain Electric Primer for Fixed
Ammunition. Igniting Primers. Fuses. Ring Resistance Fuses, Point Percussion
Fuse. Arming Resistance of Split Ring Fuses. Centrifugal Percussion Fuses.
Semple Centrifugal Plunger. Arming Resistance of Centrifugal Fuses. Combination
Time and Percussion Fuses. To Set the Fuse. Combination Fuse, Old Pattern.
Combination Fuse for H.E. Shrapnel. The Fuse Setter.]
- Chapter XII. Aiming Devices; 29 pages, 17 illus. Price 3.00 {Item
No.20741} [Including: Purpose. Direct laying Sights. Correction for Inclination
of Trunnion Axis. Independent Line of Sight. Sights for Mobile Artillery.
Indirect Laying of Mobile Artillery Guns, the Panoramic Sight. Improved
Panoramic Sight. Range Quadrants for Mobile Artillery Guns. Aiming Seacoast
Guns. Telescopic Sight, Model 1898. Telescopic Sight, Model 1904. Telescopic
Sight, Model 1912. Aiming Seacoast Mortars]
- Chapter XIII. Fire Control Instruments; 26 pages, 20 illus. Price
3.00 {Item No.20742} [Including: Definitions. Swasey Depression Position
Finder. The Plotting Room. The Pratt Range Board. The Deflection Board for
Guns. Range Finders for Mobile Artillery. The Self contained Range Finder. The
Battery Commanders Telescope, Model 1915. The Battery Commanders
Ruler. The Field Artillery Plotter, Model 1907. The Parallax Table]
- Chapter XIV. Small Arms and Hand Arms; 25 pages, 16 illus. Price
3.00 {Item No.20743} [Including: Service Small Arms. Requirements. Life of
Rifle Erosion. The U.S.Magazine Rifle, Model 1903. The Sights, Model 1905.
Deviation, Drift. The Bell Cartridge. The Blank Cartridge. Proof of Ammunition.
The .45 caliber Pistol, Model 1911. Operation in Firing. The Magazine]
- Chapter XV. Machine Guns; 21 pages, 12 illus. Price 2.00 {Item
No.20744} [Including: Classification, The Gatling Gun. Operation. The Maxim
Machine Gun, Model 1904. The Breech Mechanism. The Water Jacket. The Automatic
Machine Rifle, Model 1909. Actuator. Feed Arm, To Cock for First Shot. The
Lewis Machine Gun. Action]
- Tables; 22 pages Price 2.00 {Item No.20745} [Including: I. Atomic
Weights. II. Physical Properties of Certain Gases at 0 degree C. and 760 mm
Pressure. III. Specific Heats (solids). IV. Specific Heats (gases). V. Heats of
Formation from the Elements at 15 degree C and Atmospheric Pressure 760 mm. VI.
Molecular Specific Heats as a Function of Temperature of Certain Gases at
Constant Volume. VII. Ratio of Specific Heats of Certain Gases at Ordinary
Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure. VIII. Ratio of Specific Heat of Certain
Gases at Various Temperatures. IX. Characteristics of Right Prismatic Grains
for Different Values of x and y. X. Value of y Corresponding to z for
Right Prismatic Grains for Different Values of x and y. XI. Characteristics of
Cylindrical Multiperforated Grains of Seven Cylindrical Perforations for
Different Values of x an y. XII. Values of y Corresponding to z for
Cylindrical Multiperforated Grains of Seven Cylindrical Perforations for
Different Values of x and y. XIII. Characteristics and Values of y
Corresponding to z for Single Perforated Grains and Values of Characteristics
of Same Grains. XIV. Values of s/s for Temperature and Pressure of
Atmospheric 78% Saturated with Moisture]
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